Knee malalignment occurs when the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), or patella (kneecap) shift away from a straight line resulting in uneven weight distribution on the knee. These bones, together with various other soft tissue structures, form an intricate joint system that relies heavily on even weight distribution. Birth-related complications, a traumatic event, or the natural aging process can cause knee malalignment and lead to knee joint dislocation or osteoarthritis.
When the hip, knee, and ankle shift from a straight line causing a “knock-kneed” appearance is known as valgus malalignment. This inward shift of the knee joint results in the outer knee joint bearing more weight. The substantial increase in weight being exerted on the outer portion of the knee often leads to premature onset of osteoarthritis.
Varus malalignment occurs when the tibia shifts closer to the midline and is no longer in line with the femur. The resulting “bow-legged” appearance from the outward shift of the knee joint causes the inner portion of the knee joint to bear significantly more weight than the outer portion. Varus malalignment, similar to valgus malalignment, can precipitate early-onset osteoarthritis of the inner knee joint. Dr. Frank McCormick, orthopedic knee specialist serving Orlando, West Palm Beach County, and surrounding Florida communities, has the knowledge and understanding, as well as substantial experience, in treating patients with a knee malalignment.
Individuals with either valgus or varus knee malalignment often describe knee pain that is exacerbated with angulation of the knee joint. Knee swelling and stiffness are also commonly reported among these individuals as well. Some other common symptoms of knee malalignment include:
Dr. McCormick will begin by gathering a detailed medical history with a focus on prior knee injuries, any underlying health conditions, and the current symptoms. This interview is followed by a thorough physical examination where the degree of knee malalignment is measured. Diagnostic imaging studies, such as x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be useful for identifying bone-related damage and signs of osteoarthritis as well as confirming the degree of knee malalignment.
Conservative therapies alone may be beneficial for patients with minimal knee malalignment. These can include avoiding or limiting activities that may further damage the knee joint in conjunction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) to alleviate any knee pain and inflammation. When appropriate, a physical therapy program involving strength training will be recommended to further minimize any unnecessary pressure off of the knee joint.
Surgical intervention is typically necessary when patients continue to experience persistent pain after a trial of conservative therapies. The mechanical correction of knee malalignment is accomplished through an osteotomy procedure where a wedge is cut from the end of a bone. This new bone wedge is either removed entirely or transferred to a different location within the knee joint. Dr. McCormick will evaluate several patient factors, such as age, activity level, and medical history, to determine which one of the two osteotomy procedures will best address the patient’s needs.
For more information on meniscus tears of the knee, or the excellent treatment options available, please contact the office of Frank McCormick, MD, orthopedic knee specialist serving Orlando, West Palm Beach County, and surrounding Florida communities.
