The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is one of three major joints found within the shoulder complex. This joint is formed from the articulation of the acromion (highest point of the shoulder) with the clavicle (collarbone). Of the three shoulder joints, the AC joint is the most frequently injured when the acromion is pulled away from the clavicle. This joint separation often causes weakening of the attaching ligaments from them being stretched or completely severed from their attachment sites. An AC joint injury typically occurs from a blunt force trauma directly to the shoulder. Athletes, particularly those involved in aggressive contact sports such as football and wrestling, have the greatest risk of experiencing an AC joint injury. Dr. Frank McCormick, orthopedic shoulder specialist serving Orlando, Palm Beach County, and surrounding Florida communities, has the knowledge and understanding, as well as substantial experience, in treating patients who have experienced an AC joint injury.
Yes. Based on the degree of damage sustained by the acromioclavicular (AC) joint capsule and its supporting ligaments, injury to the AC joint is classified into one of six grades.
Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint can vary in severity, ranging from mild sprains to obvious visual deformities caused by joint separation. Pain of the AC joint, especially with arm movement, is frequently reported among individuals with an AC joint injury. Noticeable swelling and bruising surrounding the AC joint are also described. Some other common symptoms of an AC joint injury include AC joint instability and decreased range of motion of the affected shoulder.
An acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is typically diagnosed from a medical history and physical examination. The medical history focuses on the precipitating shoulder injury, any previous shoulder conditions, and current symptoms. Dr. McCormick will then examine the shoulder for any areas of pain, tenderness, and AC joint instability. Diagnostic imaging studies, such as x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be useful to determine the severity of AC joint injury as well as rule out damage to the surrounding AC joint structures.
Patients with a mild degree of acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury generally benefit from treatment with conservative therapies alone. Any pain and inflammation can be controlled with rest, ice, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). Immobilizing the AC joint is important for proper healing of the ligaments as well as protecting the joint from additional damage. The shoulder pain can linger for months after an AC joint injury, therefore a physical therapy program focused on strengthening and improving the AC joint range of motion is strongly encouraged.
More invasive treatment is recommended for patients with more severe acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries or when conservative therapies fail to alleviate symptoms. Surgical reconstruction involves a small camera (arthroscope) and specialized surgical instruments in a minimally invasive arthroscopic procedure. In most cases, the AC joint can be successfully stabilized by simply repairing and tightening the AC joint capsule and torn ligaments; however, implementing a ligament graft may be necessary for particular instances.
For more information on AC joint injuries, or the excellent treatment options available, please contact the office of Frank McCormick, MD, orthopedic shoulder specialist serving Orlando, Palm Beach County, and surrounding Florida communities.
